Source code for contactpp.swell

"""
Square well pseudopotential.
"""

import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import brentq

class SquareWellPotential(object):
[docs] """ Object representing a Square well potential. Attributes ---------- height : float Potential height (negative for a well). radius : float Potential radius """ def __init__(self,height,radius): self.height = height self.radius = radius self._V = lambda r: np.where(abs(r)<=self.radius, self.height,0.) @property def V(self): return self._V class _SquareWellBaseGenerator(object):
""" Base class for square well generators. """ def __init__(self,a,c): self.a = a self.c = c # value or None self._check_inputs() def make_pseudopotential(self): if self.c is None: R = self._calc_V_R() else: R = self.c V = self._calc_V_from_R(R) return SquareWellPotential(V,R) class TopHatGenerator(_SquareWellBaseGenerator): def _calc_gamma(self,R,V): return R*np.sqrt(V) def _check_inputs(self): if self.c is not None: if self.a >= self.c: raise ValueError("Cannot generate a top hat potential for \ scattering lengths a > c, where c is the top hat radius.") if self.a < 0.: raise ValueError("Scattering length a <= 0.") def _calc_a(self,R,V): g = self._calc_gamma(R,V) if g<1e-8: # Use Taylor expansion return R*((g**2)/3. - (g**4)*2./15. + (g**6)*17./315.) else: return R*(1.-np.tanh(g)/g) def _calc_reff(self,R,V): g = self._calc_gamma(R,V) return R* ( 1 + (3*np.tanh(g)-g*(3+g**2) )/(3*g*(g - np.tanh(g))**2)) def _calc_V_from_R(self,R): f = lambda V: self._calc_a(R,V)-self.a xlow, xhigh = bracket_root(f, 0.) return brentq(f,xlow,xhigh) def _calc_V_R(self): """ Calculate V and R such that the potential has zero effective range. """ def objective_func(R): V = self._calc_V_from_R(R) reff = self._calc_reff(R,V) return reff Rlow, Rhigh = bracket_root( objective_func,1.001*self.a,init_step=1e-3) R = brentq(objective_func,Rlow,Rhigh) return R class SquareWellGenerator(_SquareWellBaseGenerator): def _calc_gamma(self,R,V): return R*np.sqrt(abs(V)) def _check_inputs(self): if self.a > 0.: raise ValueError("Scattering length a >= 0.") def _calc_a(self,R,V): g = self._calc_gamma(R,V) if g < 1e-8: # Use Taylor expansion return -R*((g**2)/3. + (g**4)*2./15. +(g**6)*17./315.) else: return R*(1.-np.tan(g)/g) def _calc_V_from_R(self,R): f = lambda V: self._calc_a(R,V) - self.a # bracket a root between V = 0. and V corresponds to first divergence of a. xlow, xhigh = bracket_root(f,0.,direction=-1.,xmax=-np.pi**2/(4.*R**2)+1e-8) return brentq(f,xlow,xhigh) def bracket_root(f,xstart,direction=1,xmax=None,init_step=0.1,step_ratio=1.3): """ Bracket the first root of f beyond a certain point. Returns a tuple (xlow, xhigh) of points around a root of f. The algorithm will only search x >= xstart if direction == 1, and only x <= xstart if direction == -1. Stop search if no root is found between `xstart` and `xmax`. Arguments --------- f : scalar function f(x) -> y. xstart : float Will start looking for roots at `xstart`. direction : +1 or -1, optional. Direction in which to look for the root. If ``direction == +1``, search for ``x >= xstart``, else search for ``x <= xstart``. default: +1 xmax : float, optional Only search for roots between ``xstart`` and ``xmax``. By default, ``direction*infty`` init_step : float, optional Initial step size when searching. Reduce this if you think the root is very close to ``xstart`` or if you think the algorithm is skipping over roots. step_ratio : float, optional How much the step size increases at each iteration. Increasing this increases the likelihood the algorithm will miss roots, at the cost of computational expense. It's unlikely you would ever want to set this to less than 1. Default : 1.3 """ if xmax is None: xmax = direction*np.infty else: # Check that the sign of xmax is correct if np.sign(xmax-xstart) != direction: raise ValueError("Argument `xstart` has the wrong sign.") step = init_step xlow = xstart xhigh = xlow + direction*step flow = f(xlow) fhigh = f(xhigh) while flow*fhigh >= 0.: if fhigh == 0.: # Fallen exactly on a root. xhigh = min(xmax,xhigh+init_step) break elif flow == 0.: # Starts exactly on a root. raise ValueError("xstart is a root.") step *= step_ratio xlow, xhigh = xhigh, xhigh + direction*step if xhigh >= xmax: xhigh = xmax flow = f(xlow) fhigh = f(xhigh) if xhigh == xmax and flow*fhigh >= 0.: raise RuntimeError( "Failed to find a root between {} and {}.".format( xlow,xhigh)) return xlow,xhigh def make_square_well_potential(scattering_length, radius): """ Create a SquareWellPotential object. Can be either a top-hat potential (for positive scattering lengths) or a well (for negative scattering lengths. Parameters ---------- scattering_length : float Float indicating the scattering length. radius : float Radius of the potential. Returns ------- SquareWellPotential """ if radius is not None and radius <= 0.: raise ValueError("Well radius must be positive.") if scattering_length > 0.: gen = TopHatGenerator(scattering_length, radius) elif scattering_length < 0.: gen = SquareWellGenerator(scattering_length, radius) else: raise NotImplementedError("Not implemented for a = 0.") return gen.make_pseudopotential()